![]() Normative data would be useful for future research and practice. Moreover, to our knowledge, no normative data for MoCA in people with PD without dementia have been previously reported, with existing studies instead focusing on assessing parameters such as test-retest reliability or convergent validity compared to other test instruments. Although normative data for PD with dementia have been published in the Greek setting ( 14), there were only 19 participants in the study. However, the focus has been largely on psychometrics rather than epidemiological investigation. Moreover, Biundo et al ( 13) found MoCA to be superior to MMSE in assessing cognitive change. Hoops et al ( 10), Zadikoff et al ( 11), and Dalrymple-Alford et al ( 12) all also found MoCA to be superior to MMSE in detecting mild cognitive impairment in PD. For example, Mamikonyan et al ( 6) found that MoCA detected mild cognitive impairment in 29% of people with PD with normal age- and education-adjusted MMSE scores. The potential advantages of MoCA over more traditional cognitive diagnostic tools such as MMSE have been studied for a considerable period of time. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) ( 7) is a brief screening tool that, based on its good psychometric properties, has been recommended for clinical practice and research ( 8) and approved by the Movement Disorder Society for the Level 1 criteria for PD-MCI diagnosis ( 9). However, long-established assessment tools such as the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ( 5) have been shown to be insensitive to mild cognitive impairment in PD ( 6). There exist a range of tools that can be used to assess cognitive status in PD. Mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) is found in over a quarter of patients ( 2), may be present at diagnosis ( 3) and is predictive of the risk of developing dementia ( 2), an outcome that occurs in over 80% of patients ( 4). Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition affecting around 1.5% of people over 65 in Europe ( 1). Age appeared to be the only associated factor for lower level of cognition, suggestive of Mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) in PD without clinical diagnosis of dementia. People aged over 71 had poorer MoCA (Beta=0.6 (95%CI 0.44, 0.82)) and an increased odds of MoCA <26 (Beta=0.29 (95%CI 0.12, 0.70)) as well as poorer scores on several MoCA sub-domains.Ĭonclusion: We present the normative data for MoCA in people with PD without clinical dementia. Age was found as the only predictor of MoCA in this sample. Results: Data from 101 people with PD without dementia were available (mean age 71 years, 66% men). The influences of age, gender, disease duration, medication load (LEDD) and mood (HADS) on cognition were examined using regression analysis. Cognitive status was assessed using MoCA at baseline in both studies. All participants were aged 18 years or over, met UK Brain Bank criteria for PD and did not have clinical dementia. Methods: We undertook a pooled secondary analysis of data from two studies (one cross-sectional design and one clinical trial) conducted in the East of England region. Trail making requires cognitive flexibility generated through the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortices.Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has been recommended as a cognitive screening tool for clinical practice and research in Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet no normative data have been published for MoCA in PD without dementia.At the end of the second trial, inform the subject that (s)he will be asked to recall these words again by saying, “ I will ask you to recall those words again at the end of the test.” ![]() Try to remember and tell me as many words as you can, including words you said the first time.” Put a check in the allocated space for each word the subject recalls after the second trial. When the subject indicates that (s)he has finished (has recalled all words), or can recall no more words, read the list a second time with the following instructions: “ I am going to read the same list for a second time. It doesn’t matter in what order you say them.” Mark a check in the allocated space for each word the subject produces on this first trial. When I am through, tell me as many words as you can remember. I am going to read a list of words that you will have to remember now and later on. Read a list of 5 words at a rate of 1 word per second, giving the following instructions: “ This is a memory test.
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